{"id":367,"date":"2021-01-26T08:59:03","date_gmt":"2021-01-26T08:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.inspec-pro.ca\/?p=367"},"modified":"2026-08-10T14:25:54","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T18:25:54","slug":"what-is-an-ice-dam-on-a-roof","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.inspec-pro.ca\/fr\/what-is-an-ice-dam-on-a-roof\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une digue de glace sur une toiture?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Une digue de glace est une accumulation de glace qui se forme au bord d\u2019une toiture et emp\u00eache l\u2019eau provenant de la fonte de la neige de s\u2019\u00e9couler. L\u2019eau retenue derri\u00e8re la digue peut s\u2019infiltrer sous la couverture et endommager les murs, plafonds, isolants et autres composants.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Comment les digues de glace se forment-elles? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les digues de glace se forment par l\u2019interaction entre la neige, la temp\u00e9rature ext\u00e9rieure et les pertes de chaleur \u00e0 travers la toiture. Il doit y avoir de la neige sur le toit, des portions sup\u00e9rieures suffisamment chaudes pour la faire fondre et des portions inf\u00e9rieures \u00e0 une temp\u00e9rature de gel. L\u2019eau provenant des zones plus chaudes g\u00e8le de nouveau lorsqu\u2019elle atteint les parties plus froides et forme une digue de glace.<\/p>\n<p>Bien que les pertes de chaleur provenant de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur soient une cause importante de fonte de neige, le rayonnement solaire peut \u00e9galement r\u00e9chauffer la toiture. Les goutti\u00e8res ne causent pas directement les digues de glace, mais elles peuvent concentrer la glace dans certaines zones vuln\u00e9rables.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inspec-pro.ca\/fr\/what-is-thermal-bridging\/\">Ponts thermiques<\/a> dans les murs : de nombreuses maisons plus anciennes pr\u00e9sentent une isolation insuffisante, particuli\u00e8rement aux jonctions entre la toiture et les murs. Le transfert de chaleur \u00e0 travers l\u2019ossature peut r\u00e9chauffer le support de toiture et faire fondre la neige. L\u2019eau s\u2019\u00e9coule ensuite sous la neige vers l\u2019avant-toit plus froid, o\u00f9 elle g\u00e8le de nouveau.<\/li>\n<li>Fuites d\u2019air : les fuites d\u2019air \u00e0 travers les plafonds et autres ouvertures peuvent transporter beaucoup de chaleur vers l\u2019entretoit, le r\u00e9chauffer et contribuer \u00e0 la fonte de la neige.<\/li>\n<li>Les \u00e9quipements de ventilation ou de chauffage situ\u00e9s dans l\u2019entretoit peuvent aussi contribuer aux pertes de chaleur et \u00e0 la formation de digues de glace, en plus d\u2019affecter l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/li>\n<li>Luminaires encastr\u00e9s : ils peuvent \u00eatre difficiles \u00e0 rendre \u00e9tanches \u00e0 l\u2019air. L\u2019air chaud qui fuit autour de ces ouvertures peut contribuer \u00e0 r\u00e9chauffer l\u2019entretoit.<\/li>\n<li>Neige : la neige poss\u00e8de une certaine valeur isolante. Une accumulation importante peut r\u00e9duire les pertes de chaleur vers l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur et r\u00e9chauffer l\u2019entretoit, favorisant la fonte. L\u2019eau peut alors s\u2019\u00e9couler vers une zone plus froide de la toiture et y geler.<\/li>\n<li>Soleil et vent : le vent peut d\u00e9placer la neige sur une toiture, particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e8s du fa\u00eete, et les mat\u00e9riaux expos\u00e9s au soleil peuvent se r\u00e9chauffer et faire fondre la neige environnante.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les digues de glace sont probl\u00e9matiques parce qu\u2019elles peuvent forcer l\u2019eau \u00e0 p\u00e9n\u00e9trer sous la couverture et dans l\u2019enveloppe du b\u00e2timent. Cela peut entra\u00eener :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>la pourriture du support de toiture, des murs ext\u00e9rieurs et int\u00e9rieurs et de l\u2019ossature;<\/li>\n<li>des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 associ\u00e9s \u00e0 la croissance de moisissures;<\/li>\n<li>une diminution de l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de l\u2019isolation. Une isolation mouill\u00e9e fonctionne moins bien et peut demeurer comprim\u00e9e m\u00eame apr\u00e8s s\u00e9chage, ce qui peut augmenter les pertes de chaleur et favoriser d\u2019autres probl\u00e8mes de glace;<\/li>\n<li>de la peinture qui s\u2019\u00e9caille. L\u2019eau peut p\u00e9n\u00e9trer dans les cavit\u00e9s murales et provoquer le cloquage ou l\u2019\u00e9caillage de la peinture, parfois bien apr\u00e8s la disparition de la digue de glace.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00e9vention<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Maintenir l\u2019ensemble de la toiture aussi froid que possible peut aider. Les mesures possibles comprennent :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Installez une toiture m\u00e9tallique. Des formations de glace peuvent se produire sur les toitures m\u00e9talliques, mais la conception de la toiture ne permet pas \u00e0 l\u2019eau de fonte de p\u00e9n\u00e9trer la surface de couverture. De plus, la neige et la glace sont plus susceptibles de glisser sur une surface m\u00e9tallique lisse que sur des bardeaux d\u2019asphalte.<\/li>\n<li>Scellez les fuites d\u2019air au plancher de l\u2019entretoit, notamment autour des p\u00e9n\u00e9trations de c\u00e2blage et de plomberie, des trappes d\u2019acc\u00e8s et des luminaires au plafond.<\/li>\n<li>Augmentez l\u2019isolation du plancher de l\u2019entretoit et isolez correctement les conduits et autres composants qui traversent cet espace lorsque n\u00e9cessaire.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e9placez ou sur\u00e9levez les sorties d\u2019\u00e9vacuation qui se terminent tr\u00e8s pr\u00e8s de la toiture lorsqu\u2019elles peuvent contribuer \u00e0 faire fondre la neige.<\/li>\n<li>Un espace d\u2019air minimal de 3 po est recommand\u00e9 entre le dessus de l\u2019isolation et le support de toiture dans les plafonds inclin\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>La neige peut \u00eatre retir\u00e9e depuis le sol \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019un r\u00e2teau \u00e0 toiture appropri\u00e9 lorsque cela peut \u00eatre fait de fa\u00e7on s\u00e9curitaire. \u00c9vitez d\u2019endommager les mat\u00e9riaux de toiture ou de d\u00e9loger des gla\u00e7ons dangereux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>M\u00e9thodes de pr\u00e9vention et de retrait \u00e0 \u00e9viter<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Les c\u00e2bles chauffants \u00e9lectriques. Ils fonctionnent rarement bien, demandent des efforts d\u2019installation, consomment de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et peuvent rendre les bardeaux plus cassants.<\/li>\n<li>Le retrait manuel de la digue de glace \u00e0 l\u2019aide de pelles, marteaux, pics \u00e0 glace, r\u00e2teaux ou autres outils destructeurs. Ces efforts peuvent facilement endommager la toiture et blesser le propri\u00e9taire s\u2019il glisse sur la toiture glac\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pr\u00e9occup\u00e9 par la toiture, la ventilation de l\u2019entretoit ou l\u2019humidit\u00e9 hivernale? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inspec-pro.ca\/fr\/contact-us\/\">Obtenez une soumission d\u2019inspection<\/a> pour votre propri\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Appelez au 819-962-5880 ou \u00e9crivez \u00e0 <a href=\"mailto:info@inspec-pro.ca\">info@inspec-pro.ca<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>La toiture, le drainage et les conditions hivernales font partie des composants visibles examin\u00e9s lors d\u2019une <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inspec-pro.ca\/fr\/outaouais-home-inspection\/\">inspection r\u00e9sidentielle en Outaouais<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An ice dam is a ridge of ice that forms at the edge of a roof and prevents melting snow from draining. As water backs up behind the dam, it can leak through the roof and cause damage to walls, ceilings, insulation and other areas. How do ice dams form? Ice dams are formed by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_glsr_average":0,"_glsr_ranking":0,"_glsr_reviews":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[8,9,10,7,6,11,4,5],"class_list":["post-367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-realestate","tag-realestategatineau","tag-realestateottawa","tag-best-home-inspection-gatineau","tag-best-home-inspection-ottawa","tag-best-home-inspector-ottawa-gatineau","tag-home-inspection-gatineau","tag-home-inspection-ottawa"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Is an Ice Dam on a Roof? 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